Force-Aversive-Balanced vs. Force-Free/Positive Reinforcement

A CER = a conditioned emotional response; and can be either negative (-) or positive (+). +CER’s are good for dogs.

Using force-free/positive reinforcement/reward-based training methods is the only true form of teaching/training dogs. If someone was punching a child in the face, we wouldn’t consider that teaching. Likewise, when someone is hitting dogs or using any other version of force/aversives, they are not teaching or training dogs. They are torturing and abusing them cruelly.